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sell electricity in 2006 will be required to install solar panels in new buildings with free Internet

free solar energy projects and renewable energy

2006 The energy efficiency standards required to install energy solar in new buildings as well as to register their energy rating

Under IDEA - Institute for Energy Diversification and Saving of Energy - the requirements for new buildings with energy efficiency will be applicable from January 2006 in accordance with the policy set by the Energy Efficiency in Buildings EU.

This directive adopted in 2002 had three objectives: reducing energy consumption, improve performance and enhance systems used for solar thermal and photovoltaic. Following this directive, adopted in Spain by the end of 2005 a new regulation with three lines Action:

1. Technical Building Code: addition to limiting energy demand and improve the performance of the systems raises the incorporation of solar thermal for hot water heating, solar photovoltaic and large consumer centers.

As an example, it is mandatory to incorporate photovoltaic panels at:
- hotels and hospitals (> 100 seats or beds)
- multi shop centers (> 3,000 m2)
- offices (> 4,000 m2)
- Hypermarkets (> 5,000 m2 )


2. Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings: Establishes minimum requirements to meet and plan revisions for boilers and air conditioning.

3. Energy Certification of Buildings: provide for classification of buildings according to their energy efficiency by establishing a minimum allowable and giving the buyer a benchmark for housing from the point of view of energy consumption. Besides


Energy Certification, Technical Code of Building, the White Paper on Sustainability in Building or the English System of building environmental assessment, which still works, can be turned upside down on real estate, reticent to changes in most cases, and which will require that housing bioclimatic as possible.

The reasons are obvious change is estimated that green homes can save up to 60% in daily energy consumption, as Jesus says Ascunde, general director of Planning and Housing of Navarre, and reduce energy consumption in buildings is an imperative of the EU.

Today, 34 municipalities and autonomous region, the Canary Islands have control and respect and in another dozen are pending. In all there are specific support to the installation of solar thermal systems. Among the municipalities with ordinances passed, the capitals of Barcelona, \u200b\u200bMadrid, Sevilla, Granada, Burgos, Pamplona, \u200b\u200bCeuta and, recently, Valencia. Rota also

, Sant Cugat del Vallés or Hospitalet de Llobregat. In Castilla-La Mancha is in progress in Guadalajara, and Albacete Azuqueca de Henares. In Galicia, is pending in several cities with special effort to Vigo and Santiago. La Coruña is implementing initiatives such as the widespread anecdotal solar meter, but nothing definite as to the ordinances in 2006.


The pioneering eco-city in Spain

Valdespartera. Approximately 420 euros each household will spend years of clean energy, says Ramon Betrán, head of planning of the City of Zaragoza. 60% saving of energy is made possible by glass galleries that act as greenhouses. In water, the savings will come from the separation of water and rainwater collection. This project of 9,687 homes (300 free) includes solar panels for hot water.

Sarriguren. 5,017 housing units housing the Sarriguren ecocity whose energy savings will reach 60% and the main measures are the direct solar collection, reuse of greywater and rainwater for irrigation and orientation. The project, completed in 2007, includes solar panels and photovoltaic, wind energy and biomass. The Government of Navarra has demanded and energy certification.

Trinitat nova. Ecocity Included in the project along with seven other European cities, Nova Trinitat project is driven by the Government of Catalonia, Barcelona City Council and local pressure. With the advice of consultants Aiguasol GEA 21 and whose criteria have been passive solar design, water separate network and a centralized system for cogeneration and solar panels. Consists of 3,500 homes.

More information:

Solar energy: Benefits and costs. What can we get and how much it costs?
solar heated pool
Air conditioning with solar energy
Cooking with solar energy and other renewable energy applications
research to increase yields solar


renewable energy subsidies

Bottomless Party Scene Harold And Kumar

What Happend If U Take No Medicin For Herpes

DRAFT REPORT OF THE PROJECT

Instituto Superior Tecnologico
PUBLIC "JOSÉ PARDO"


burglar alarm
SCR

WITH ELECTRONIC




STUDENT:

MACAHUACHI BARBOZA, ROSA ESTELA


PROF. ADVISORY: ABDEL


ROJAS




























MY PARENTS, AND MY FRIENDS OF THE NATIONAL BIBLIOECA PERU, THAT HELPED ME WITH BOOKS AND IDEAS TO BE ABLE TO CARRY OUT THIS GREAT PROJECT.









ISTP. JOSE PARDO "






FOREWORD.

THYRISTORS

thyristor is called to all semiconductor component with 2 stable states consisting of several semiconductor layers, 3 or more pn junctions, 2, 3 or 4 terminals. Classification



Unidirectional: Drive Bidirectional
one way: They drive in two ways

have unidirectional Within:

SCR: silicon controlled rectifier
GTO, thyristor gate off
SCS: dual gate thyristor
SUS: LASCR
unilateral switch, thyristor light-activated

Within the bi are:

TRIAC, DIAC
triode CA: CA diode
SBS: Switch bilateral


THYRISTOR SCR


are able to control 2000A, 4000V. The working frequency is 50-60Hz (thyristor network) can work with frequencies up to 200KHz (fast thyristors).


are used in the controlled rectification and power all the techniques that are used to modify any representation of electric power.

Rating:

P-SCR: SCR

type N:

Properties:

is an almost ideal switch even when it is in conducting state has a voltage drop of 2V.
easily controlled rectifier. Relative speed



Macahuachi Barboza, Estela Rosa.



ISTP JOSE PARDO "







INTRODUCTION


As its name implies, SCR is a rectifier built with silicon material with a third terminal for purposes of control. Silicon was chosen because of their high temperature capabilities and power.

The basic operation of the SCR is different from the semiconductor diode of two fundamental layers, in which a third terminal, called a gate, determines when the rectifier switching state open circuit to closed circuit. It is not enough just to forward bias the anode to the cathode of the device.

driving in the region of the dynamic resistance of the SCR is typically 0.01 to 0.1. Reverse resistance is typically 100 kg or more.



ISTP. JOSE PARDO "




WITH SCR burglar alarm.



PROBLEM 1.1 Introduction
In all locations are constantly increasing thefts in the departments, temporary or occasional empty, with more intensity in large cities than in small towns.
currently takes place at any time of year and not just during the holiday exodus.
The number of such thefts is very high, and for that cause most cases it is vain hope of identifying and recovering the stolen responsibilities. This type of crime, together with auto theft, ranked first in the classification of crimes unpunished



1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION

thefts mostly occur by showdown, economic failure or simply are committed by persons of evil life. To counter these crimes
It follows a theft protection system

1.3 OBJECTIVES GENERAL AND SPECIFIC.

OBJECTIVES.

By joining this project, we get a light or sound alarm with two types of circuits: an open circuit and closed circuit. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES



A. Have a simple and homemade alarm for our personal protection and material.

B. Protection not only from home, but cars and / or other equipment.


IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

to establish the electrical short circuit operation of the alarm, you can use a micro pressure or any other contact system is operated to open the door or window to be protected. Use of this system is very simple and requires no special care
Thanks to this simple alarm, be comfortable leaving, for example, house or anything else that is under our care.
This new alarm can be installed across a corner and you can between neighbors is security, because when the alarm sounds the neighbors will be watching and ready to act.



















CHAPTER I












ISTP. JOSE PARDO "




CHAPTER I

burglar alarm
WITH SCR 1.1 DEFINITION



The main component of this circuit is an SCR (Rectifier Silicon controlled), which acts as security or electronic switch. Initially, the SCR does not conduct and the LED does not light.
control circuit alarm consists of two types of switches, one closed and one normally open. When the switch S1 is closed, current flows through R1, to the gate of SCR. The same happens when the switch S2 opens, current flows through R2 and D1.
In both cases, a positive voltage appears at the gate of SCR and this leads anode and cathode LED lighting.
Then we say that the alarm is activated.
As the SCR is closed but the voltage is removed from the gate, the alarm will stay on regardless of the position of the switches.
can be connected to the auxiliary output, a buzzer of 6 or 9 volts or a relay that can handle a high volume siren.
This circuit can also be powered with a car battery of 12 volts and can take account of not overloading the SCR with a current higher than its capacity.
The switches most commonly used sensors are magnetic. These consist of two parts: a small magnet that attaches to the door or window of a moving part, and a fixed part having a switch that activates when approaching the magnet.
In this normal state, with the door or window closed, the switches are closed to have the magnet close, when you open the door or window is opened and the switch activates the alarm.



1.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEFINITION

A. The SCR is an electronic switch that closes when a positive voltage applied to its gate or "Gate."

B. THE SCR 's are used in a number of circuits Agran, from burglar alarms to lightings and sequential rhythmic. 1.3

historians.

Within the family of pnpn devices, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) is undoubtedly the most interest today, and was first presented in 1956 by the Bell Telephone Laboratories. Some of the most common application of the SCR includes relay controls, time delay circuits, regulated power supplies, static switches, motor controls, trimmers, investors, cicloconversores, battery chargers, protection circuits, controls heating and phase controls.
in recent years have been cycles cycles SCR to control powers as high as 10 MW and individual values \u200b\u200bas high as 2000 A at 1800 V. Its frequency range of application has also been extended to about 50 kHz, which has allowed some high-frequency applications




















Instituto Superior Tecnologico Publico.
JOSE PARDO "





CHAPTER II OPERATION OF SCR


2.1 SUB-SUB TITLE THEME 2.1.1



OPERATION

SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier) \u200b\u200bis an electronic switch, which closes when applied voltage on the gate or "Gate."
An SCR is a diode, but with a difference. As a diode is the cathode and anode, and passes current in one direction, also has an additional terminal called the gate or "Gate." The gate is used to push or trigger the SCR conduction state. Only when the gate receives a positive voltage, drives the SCR.
Then, although the suspension that voltage, the SCR continues to conduct.
The only way to stop driving, is to remove or change the voltage polarity is positive at the anode. 2.2



SUB-TITLES USED AS 2.2.1 SCR.


The SCR's are used in a large number of circuits, from burglar alarms up lighting equipment and sequential rhythmic.

Below is a diagram of a simple circuit using an SCR and serves to more clearly understand its operation.

In this circuit, the cathode (C) and anode (A) of the SCR, are connected via a buzzer and a switch to a 12 volt battery.

However, no current flows through the buzzer and it does not sound because the SCR is not conducting. No driving, because the "gate" or gateway is connected to the negative battery through the bridge between points A and B. Remember

SCR only conducts when a voltage at the gate. If

bridge between A and B is stopped, the gate is disconnected from the negative and positive voltage passes through the resistance R1

At this point, the SCR conducts and the buzzer sounds.

Now, this is very important, but back to connect the bridge between points A and B that have no effect on the SCR. Once the gate to trigger the SCR conduction state loses control over its operation. The only way to disconnect the circuit is open the swich SI, thereby removing the voltage of the SCR. If we close SI again, the alarm is activated. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE

PERMITTED

As Diods, the SCR's are classified in terms of their ability to handle current and voltage. THE GE106B1. SCR is a widely used, has a capacity of 2 amps and 200 volts.









ISTP. JOSE PARDO "








CONCLUSIONS 1. The SCR is a multipurpose switch, which is very easy to manipulate.

2. The technical values \u200b\u200bare entrusted to the editor during the control and verification.























BIBLIOGRAPHY


• Project complete electronic
KIT .- "Basic course in applied electronics"

· Electronics modern applied 4
Sybil P. Editor in chref
Parker.

Third Circuit Integrated Technical issues
REDE, paragraph 35400-Barcelona.


- Internet Links

www.google.com www.wikipedia.com

www.comunidadelectronicos.com