Monday, March 24, 2008

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My practice "Block security installations (installation of an alarm)




Sunday, March 23, 2008

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At home there may be errors in the installation, accident, or unintentional misuse of technical systems. Technical alarms warn of any abnormal situation such as water leaks, gas leaks, smoke, fire etc. The announcement is done: Local
, with sirens, bells, lights, etc spoken messages., Remotely
the monitoring station and / or end user directly via conventional telephone, mobile, email similar.
The house may be prepared to act automatically according to the alarm further notice, such as:
If there is a leak cuts water supply water solenoid.
If a gas leak cuts off gas to the gas valve.
If smoke can raise or lower blinds pre-programmed as needed.
can also warn of power failure, failure of phone line, etc. And with some modern systems can automatically reset to reactivate some systems.

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Technical Alarms Intruder Alarms CCTV

There are mainly two types of security in the area of \u200b\u200bprotection against intrusion.
Perimeter Protection protects access to the parcel and the same house through doors and windows. Mainly used infrared external barriers fences, garden and windows and doors, and touch sensors magnetic door / window sensors and glass breakage.
interior protection, intrusion protection within the same household. It is normally used motion detection sensors to infrared and ultrasonic technologies.
security systems can be connected to an Alarm Receiving Centre (ARC) or managed by the same user. System connected to the CRA

If the user wants his system to be maintained and in case of alarms to alert monitoring station (CRA) the system must satisfy that:
The equipment and devices must be approved for that purpose.
The security system must be installed by a company approved by the Ministry of Interior for this purpose (guarantees, etc.).. The company issued a technical bulletin of the installation which must be delivered to the relevant technical Commissioner.
The company providing the service of CRA meets a set of technical and legal requirements (guarantees, etc..) According to the law of the Ministry of Interior. Such systems, if the occurrence of an intrusion event, alarms or panic, always connect to the CRA to notify the event. According to the agreed procedure, the staff of the CRA confirms the alarm and warn the police and / or user, and come to the site, depending on the type of contract and event.
personal monitoring system
Any security system, whether or not approved, can be installed in a housing and configured to directly notify the user or owner thereof. In this case the user who manages to do in case an event occurs in the home. In Spain, under current legislation, the user can install any type of security system and configure it to alert you to it directly, provided they do not install outdoor sirens that harm their neighbors. More and more are coming to market products or systems that can be configured to warn end users directly. Also tend to incorporate the option to be high in a CRA and the type of event, notify one or both.
also used the names "Professional Security System" or "Personal Safety System" to differentiate the two.
security systems have begun to include more functionality. Are mainly home automation, to control lighting, HVAC, access, etc., But also video surveillance. These features act on events, or events make home automation becomes more and more security systems in a central and indispensable part in the digital home.
Additionally, using security cameras that can be viewed and / or were recording remotely or locally for identification of losintrusos. Surveillance cameras may be conventional analog cameras are wired to a power plant capable of treating the image to access locally or over the Internet (video servers with or without IP). Or each camera can be connected to the Internet (IP cameras) for direct access to the camera via the Internet or to include the image in another global interface control and home monitoring.

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In modern families usually no one person has overall responsibility for the home in the house all day. And often when we are at home we would like to know what is happening such as when the worker arrives, making the girl with our children, if children have reached school, what the children a little older when they left home alone at night if we go to dinner etc. Structured we define these "emotional alarms" as an example
Notices of activities such as the arrival or departure of third parties (worker, girl, gardener, plumber etc.) Or relatives (children, parents, etc..) Housing. Notices
absence of activity, if someone stays in the house (children, elderly, etc) without any activdad at a given time interval, something that can be an indexation that has been something like a fall or similar, or an older person has not risen in the morning.
The type of notice can be structured into two types:
text or spoken messages saved in the same plant, or real-time alerts to phones, mobile, e-mails etc. that signal the connection or disconnection of the alarm, access to specific areas and so on.
Picture messages sent via MMS, or streaming, cell phone or e-mail, or recorded movies stored in the video, PC, according to flight schedule or according to events within the home.
Additionally we can monitor real-time housing locally through television, or similar PC or remotely via the Internet for activities that occur within the home with cameras distributed by different areas and rooms, the house.

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Security and Alarms - Introduction

The alarm and security industry is very mature. This means that technology usually have a good value for money. There is also a wide range of services within the sector.
can identify four areas that perform functions and services security systems: Intrusion Alarm
,
Technical Alarms (fire, smoke, water, gas, power failure, failure phone line, etc.)
Personal Alarms (SOS and assistance),
Video Surveillance.
security systems can be connected to an Alarm Receiving Centre (ARC) or managed by the same user. System connected to the CRA

If the user wants his system to be maintained and in case of alarms to alert monitoring station (CRA) the system must satisfy that:
equipment and devices must be approved for that purpose.
The security system must be installed by a company approved by the Ministry of Interior for this purpose (guarantees, etc.).. The company issued a technical bulletin of the installation which must be delivered to the Technical Commissioner concerned.
The company providing the service of CRA meets a set of technical and legal requirements (guarantees, etc..) According to the law of the Ministry of Interior. Such systems, if the occurrence of an intrusion event, alarms or panic, always connect to the CRA to notify the event. According to the agreed procedure, the staff of the CRA confirms the alarm and warn the police and / or user, and come to the site, depending on the type of contract and event.
personal monitoring system
Any security system, whether or not approved, can be installed in a housing and configured to directly notify the user or owner thereof. In this case is the user who manages to do in case an event occurs in the home. In Spain, under current legislation, the user can install any type of security system and configure it to alert you to it directly, provided they do not install outdoor sirens that harm their neighbors. More and more are coming to market products or systems that can be configured to alert end users directly. Also tend to incorporate the option to be high in a CRA and the type of event, notify one or both.
also used the names "Professional Security System" or "Personal Safety System" to differentiate both. Central

wired or wireless stations can be classified into two types in terms of technology: Central
wired: all sensors and actuators (sirens, etc.) are wired to the plant, which is the main driver of the entire system. This is normally a backup battery, so if a power failure, to feed all its sensors and actuators and thus continue to function normally for several hours. Central
Wireless: in this case using wireless sensors powered by batteries and transmit information via radio to the central events, which is powered by electric rede and has its own battery backup.
In both cases, if the power disappears, the system will work a few hours, but also tend to inform the Alarm Receiving Centre (ARC) or the user of the event. Furthermore
security systems have begun to include more functionality. Are mainly home automation, to control lighting, HVAC, access, etc., But also video surveillance. These features act on events, or events make home automation becomes more and more security systems in a central and indispensable part in the digital home.

Thursday, March 20, 2008

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Security Index block

  1. Facilities security.
  2. alarm centers.
  3. Sensors.
  4. and Baseball and warning systems.
  5. Protection against theft and robbery.
  6. Fire Protection.
  7. carbon monoxide gases. Home Automation
  8. applied to security systems.

Wednesday, March 19, 2008

Bedding-urban Outfitters

detect water and methane on a planet outside our solar system is

The atmosphere of an extrasolar planet, 63 light years away in the constellation Vulpecula, containing methane and water vapor, according to research published today in the journal Nature.

These findings from scientists at the California Institute of Technology and the University of Arizona (U.S.) help build a better understanding of atmospheric chemical processes and the extrasolar planet, called HD 189733b.

Previous research suggested that in the atmosphere could be water, but this study confirms this and also detects the presence of methane, but not found carbon monoxide a substance that is thought abundant in the upper layer of the atmosphere.

Thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope, which used a technique of infrared waves to determine the transmission spectrum have been captured chemical changes in atmospheric conditions that have allowed scientists to gather key information to confirm the presence of methane and water vapor.

Planet of hot Jupiters, "gas is made, as the giant of our solar system, but its orbit is much closer to the star. It has a mass of 0.15 higher than that of Jupiter and the astronomers calculate that the surface temperature is several hundred degrees.

Tuesday, March 18, 2008

Nausea And Burping Stomach Virus?

security installations Photovoltaic solar energy budget of a photovoltaic solar home

Calculation of the number of solar panels for a PV system with a single family home in the Province of Las Palmas, a town Telde.



Consumption:





  1. Lighting. 5 lamps lighting 60 w each, and a 5-h UTILIZATION daily. 5 x 60 = 300w x 6 h = 1800Wh.


  2. pumping. 1 100 w motor with a 3-h daily use. 1oo x 3 = 300Wh.


  3. TV 50 W with a 5 h daily use. 50w x 6 h = 300wh.


  4. 230W cold washing with use of 2 hours daily. 230w x 2h = 460Wh.


  5. low ocnsumo Fridge adapted to the situation. Of 7.24 wy to use 24 hours of the day. W 7.24 x 24 = 173.76 Wh.


  6. 40W CD Radio with a 3 hour daily use. 40w x 3h = 120WH.

load calculation average daily Ah:



1800 +120 +300 +300 +460 +173,76 / 24v = 131.40 Ah.



Oversized Cargo

paracompensar 25% losses in the system:



Ah

131.40 + 131.40 x 25/100 = 164.25 Ah.




Calculation of the total intensity required (Table radiation)


HSP in Las Palmas = 4.3 HSP.


Ah 164.25 / 4.3 = 38.19 A. HSP



Calculation of panels required. I-100/24 \u200b\u200bmodule.


characteristics.




  • Peak power (Pmax) 100W.


  • Short circuit current (Ise) 3.27 A.


  • open circuit voltage (Voc) 43.2 V.


  • Max Power (I max) 2.87 A.


  • Maximum Power Voltage (V max) 34.8 V


38.19 A / 2.8 A = 13.63 = 14 panels.




Calculation of the capacity of the battery with an autonomy required 14 days, the batteries will lead and with a temperature of 20 º C.



C = Cdiario · D / Pd = 164.25 x 14 / 0.7 = 3285 Ah



calculation section.



section length of 2 meters from the controller to the batteries. S = 2x0, 017x2x100/56x12x12x3% = 6.8 / 24,192 = 2.8 mm2 -> Commercial Section 4 mm2.



Section length 5 meters from the panels to the controller. S = 2x0, 017x5x100/56x12x12x3 = 17/24192 = 7.02 mm2 -> Commercial Section 10 mm2.


controller calculation is needed for installation.



The maximum intensity provided by the panels is Imax-cp + = 14 x 2.87 = 40.18 A





  1. the battery voltage is 24 V.

  2. regulator taking into account the above characteristics and overestimate the regulator and we chose one with the following characteristics:


  • WORKING voltage of 24 v.

  • intensity of 30A.

  • A model that fits within these Technical Characteristics.


Monday, March 17, 2008

Sweet 15 Masquerade Invitations

Example how to calculate an estimate a photovoltaic solar home PV system

calculation photovoltaic solar systems for isolated dwellings

One of the biggest factories in Spain for photovoltaic solar energy is focused specifically on residential lighting , country houses, livestock shelters and ships where the cost of grid connection is too expensive.

Basically the number of solar panels is determined by the consumption of plant receptor expressed in Ampere / hour and place of the same situation. A module gives us a greater amount of energy as receive more radiation, so for the same instalacisn not used the same panel in Bilbao nzmero in Badajoz.

Another key element in a photovoltaic instalacisn are found tambiin Baterman closely linked to the use and the instalacisn situacisn. Thus the greater the possibility of cloudy DMAS, the greater the capacity of the Baterman and vice versa. As a general rule not be calculated within 5 DMAS autonomma of Baterman increased to 8 or 10 DMAS in areas with abundant cloudiness

To set the number of panels required will be based on the current per msdulo in the case of square cilulas 95 by 95 mm is 2.4 amps. This value can vary in type msdulo funcisn used so this case is considered variable

Example of calculation of panels for a weekend home in Madrid utilizacisn

Saturdays and Sundays all Dining

dma applied fluorescent 20w-12v-5h/dma-2dias = 16 Ah / week. Kitchen

apply fluorescent 20w-12v-2h/dma-2dmas = 6 Ah / week.

Bedrooms "" 3 * 20w-12v-1/2h/dma-2dmas = 4.8 Ah / week.

WC "" 15w-12v-1h/dma-2dmas = 2.5 Ah / week. TV

"25w-12v-5h/dma-2dmas = 20.8 Ah / week. Water Pump

60w-12v-1h/dma-1dma = 5Ah/semana. TOTAL



55.5 Ah / week





Data Madrid radiacisn available to us indicates an annual average of 4.72 peak sun hours for inclinacisn 45: south-oriented and thus a 2.4-amp msdulo
we will produce peak sun
4.72 hours * 2 , 4 A = 10.32 A / peak * 7 DMAS = 74.24 hours / week

Then nzmero of msdulos be:

N: msdulos = consumption / produccisn of msdulo


N: msdulos = 55, Ah consumo/74 5, 24 = Approx 1 panel produccisn

Friday, March 14, 2008

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Spitzer water and gases in a planet forming zone

Spitzer Space Telescope NASA has discovered the presence of large amounts of simple organic gases and water vapor in a planet-forming region, today unveiled the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) NASA. Both

organic gases and water vapor in a disk rotating around a new star, which is evidence that these molecules were created there, JPL said in a newsletter. He adds that the discovery was made possible thanks to increased capacity enhances telescope's vision early in training planets, which could increase knowledge about the origin of our solar system and the potential for life elsewhere.

That capability was accomplished by John Carr, a scientist at Naval Research Laboratory (Washington) and Joan Najita of the National Optical Observatory in Tucson (Arizona). Protoplanetary disks


They used Spitzer's infrared spectrograph to which measured and analyzed the chemical composition of protoplanetary disk gas. These discs are masses of gas and dust that whirl around a young star, and scientists believe they are the basic material for the formation of planets and moons, after billions of years become planetary systems like ours.

The observation point was the area of \u200b\u200bthe star AA Tauri, which has less than a million years and is typical of young stars with protoplanetary disks.

With the new procedure, scientists detected simple organic molecules, such as hydrogen cyanide, acetylene and carbon dioxide, plus water vapor.

Thursday, March 6, 2008

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calculation.











INDEX:
1. Memory

1.0 1.1 General Purpose

Policy Panel Components


Accumulator Regulator Converter


calculations
Budget Plans and schemes
Purpose:
installation of alternative energy solar houses, the goal is: Get
dare power of inexpensive solar panels.
The facility consists of a controller, and one or neighborhoods become solar panels solar cells composed of several
You are responsible for producing electricity.
Overview:
These facilities are installed in areas where there are large winds and snow that can be damaged and all panels must be covered or that places them in the sun, avoiding nearby objects will produce shadows or transfer on the arrival of solar rallos.
normally used in remote homes that do not arrive at the common electrical grid.
To install such facilities must take into account the place where it is located, there are tables to know how many days of autonomy
of each area, it is necessary to calculate the necessary batteries.
photovoltaic solar energy is the second most used at home after combustion generators.
Policy:
The rules this collection of low voltage regulation, the statement concerning the calculation
0.17. 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35.
components: a photovoltaic
in four parts or elements are:
.
solar panels.
accumulators.
regulators.
Converter 1.3.1 Panels:
solar panel is defined as the union of several cells called photovoltaic. Depending on the installation that you want to join you must obtain cells for proper tension, each cell can produce a voltage usually half a volt. Solar panels have
sandwich are made of a glass layer, another vinyl acetate, the cells that want to put another layer of organic substrate and finally another set of layers of glass.
solar panels are the cells connected in series, the voltage varies with the number of cells that are made.
The values \u200b\u200bare: Voltage

cell number
72 36 144

photovoltaic cell:
silicon itself has no electrons more or less, has four electrons in the last layer and you're done, then ... How do I get to have a positive and negative silicon? Then through doping. Doping is to introduce other polluting materials in smaller quantities or impurities in the parent material as in this case silicon. So if we introduce phosphorus into silicon have an electron get more each time, as phosphorus has five electrons in the silicon top layer and you get negative, otherwise, if we introduce aluminum under an electron or hole because aluminum has three electrons in the last layer. 1.3.2
Controller:
This system basically has three functions:
* Avoid overloading the battery that may cause damage
.
* Prevents battery discharge during periods of insufficient sunlight.
* Ensure the functioning of the system the point of maximum efficiency.
The regulator maintains a constant supply voltage and circuit and battery charging. There are two types
the parallel or shunt and series, the most used are the shunt, the series are for larger installations.
Accumulator:
The reservoirs can be used to accumulate and consume energy in times of low solar radiation or night, these teams of accumulation are the batteries.
The battery consists of two compounds usually (Lead Acid). They are built in modules called vessels, which have two electrodes, the positive and negative, each vessel can reach to 2 volts.
The amount of energy that can storing a battery depends on its ability to be measured in A / h.
Batteries are composed of a series of electrode plates of lead.
Converter:
are the most advanced of all quantum energy converters are the most promising way to electro-solar power. This process is also called internal process of issuing photo. Fundaro-tally is produced by photo emission has a lower threshold for photon absorption and the light changes from birth to be electricity without going through a stage of thermal energy. Besides there are other photovoltaic cells, but PV is the only one that has a high optical absorption and the electrical resistance low enough to be able to convert solar energy into useful energy saving mode. Because there is a wide choice of semiconductors with the appropriate range of spectral absorption, we can select an appropriate material to cover the solar spectrum. These semiconductors are made by attaching positive and negative parts of silicon, which currently pays the most. All today's solar cells have in common three features: 1. An optical absorber that converts photons into electron-hole pairs. 2. An internal electric field to separate these charges. 3. Contacts at the ends of the semiconductor for connection to an external load.
Part converters photon absorbing semiconductor is chosen so that it has a band gap similar to the solar spectrum. We could not catch a solar cell with a low energy band gap but it seems ideal to soak up most of the spectrum, but the emf of the cell is limited by the energy band gap, and if this energy is small electromotive does so. It is unlikely that a photon has twice the energy that the Fermi level so there will always only a single electron-hole pair per absorbed photon and the photon excess energy dissipates.
Calculation:
v

Spotlights
Power Consumption Time
consumption
2 days
Hall

6 h 18 w 216

3 Bedroom


8 w 10.8 0.45 h


1 Bath 1

18w , 5 h 27
Kitchen

2

18w 108 3 h

75w Fridge
1

8 h
Hall 600
18w


2 1 h 36
TV

40w

1 3 h 120

30w
chain

1 3 h 90

Iron 45w


1 1 h 45
Several

1 6w

8 h
160 1412.8

Q = P / V = \u200b\u200b1412.8 / 12 = 117 , 73 Ah / Day Al
increase by 20% = 23.54 + 117.73 = 140.84 The
2 * 4.13 = 8.26 4.13
The HPS is it worth the province of Sao Paulo
= Vcon No. panels / Vpanel = 12/10 = 1.6 ; 2paneles
No. +20% = P / I panel HPS = 140.84 + / 2 * 4.13 = 34paneles
accumulation capacity = autonomous consumption * days / prof download
Cap Accumulation = 140.84 * 22/0.6 = 3164 A / H
consider the depth of discharge 60%
Days of autonomy in Madrid are 22
believe the battery 500 A / H
No. of batteries = accumulation capacity / battery capacity =
5108/500 = 10.21, 11 batteries are
1.5 Plan and schemes
Wiring diagram all devices that make the installation: Solar Panels

There are different types of plates. Also according to the geographical area to install the board requires different angles. Where possible it is that the midday sun rays from reaching the photovoltaic panel at right angles, giving an angle of + 15 degrees to the cardinal point where the sun sets. In this way we take more atardeser rays.
solar panels, mostly deliver a load voltage of 17 VDC This, when connected to the load, stabilizes in 14 VDC also recall that the panels can be connected in series Tenson raising to 24 VDC power generated is regulated by a device, voltage regulator, which does not allow to overload the battery bank and keep them afloat. Then the stored energy can be connected to a load at 12 to 24 VDC or investors using raise and turn it into 220 VAC
PV is the promoter to get the energy in space:
calculations of voltage drops: 3

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Photovoltaic installations connected to the Olympics

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. WHAT CAN BE DONE TO IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENT?
Since the sun's energy is inexhaustible, clean and green, we can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases harmful (CO2, SO2, SOX) generating energy through grid-connected photovoltaic systems.
2. WHAT IS A grid-connected PV RED?
is that facility that uses solar radiation to generate electricity through photovoltaic panels.
3. WHAT IS A SOLAR PARK?
A group in the same spot all solar photovoltaic grid-connected electricity to sell power they generate. It is a new concept of investment.
4. WHO CAN INVEST IN A SOLAR PARK?
Regardless of who the owner, either a natural person, corporation or entity may owning one or more installations up to 100 Kw. (According to RD 436/2004 and RD 436/2004 Correction , the refund shall be 575% on the TMR up to 100 kw.)
5. This batch WHY?
Being clustered installations are achieved a number of advantages, including a more complete and higher quality, guarantees the recovery of investment, financing facilities, common security services, space for installation, by hedging common policy, maintenance, etc. In this way makes available all over the world to invest in a solar park, which is a source of clean and inexhaustible energy.
6. WHY TRACKER TO TWO LINES?
In a fixed installation, support for photovoltaic modules is approx. 8% of the installation inversión.En 2-axis trackers where PV modules are placed he (the follower) is approx. 18% of the inversión.Resulta that the difference between the fixed support and a 2-axis tracker is 10% on investment. Obviously, investing 10% more with a 2-axis solar tracker (SS-50) got an above 35% on a fixed installation.
7. ENERGY INCOME
SOLD price per kwh. sold to electric companies is currently fixed at 575% of the average or reference, which this year is € 0.076588 / kw., resulting in € 0.440381 / kwh. The income is guaranteed for 25 years (Art. 33.1 RD 436/2004 and Correction RD 436/2004), being from 25 years 460% of that average or reference (TMR )
In the case of a 6 kWp installation is estimated to generate approximately a year. 11,430 kWh estimated annual revenue would be € 5,033 + VAT. Can get more information on our " simulator."
This activity subject to VAT, so we include it in the bill that we make to the distribution company and settled to the Treasury, having no impact on our profitability.
8. Installation time
The life of these facilities is very long. Early studies talked about 30 years, but with new materials and historical analysis of existing facilities, the experts determine they can be above 40.
solar manufacturers will not guarantee lower yields of 80% of production for 25 years. In that case, proceed to the change of solar panels.
9. MAINTENANCE INSTALLATION For installation
throughout his life performing at its best, will be conducting a series of works such as: reviews, repairs and / or replacing some of its elements
10.
WARRANTIES period of three years warranty for the entire system, this period is counted from the date of commissioning of the instalación.Quedan expressly excluded from this warranty is damage caused by inclement weather. It also defines the following warranty periods for the main components:
- Photovoltaic Modules: 5 years-Inverter (converter-mail): 5-year-solar tracker: 5 years
This guarantee applies to faults and failures attributable to the manufacturer and covers repair or replacement of failed equipment, but does not cover transportation costs or labor assembly / disassembly associated with this operation .
11. WHICH ARE THE TAX OBLIGATIONS?
Since this is a business we must get registered in the Census of Economic Activities in the area where you perform the Solar Plant in the municipality where you have located the facility. We make these arrangements. IAE (Business Tax) is exempt from payment.
When checking the power company, will to make the following statement: FOR ALL Mod.300 IVAMod quarterly statement. MVI 390 annual summary MERCANTILE Mod 347 to be the annual turnover exceeding € 3,006 is compulsory annual declaration with third parties (Corporations only) Mod 130 INDIVIDUALS quarterly earnings statement, Mod 190 annual income summary .
Revenue from the sale of electricity and subsidies should be included as rentas.Los installation costs, maintenance, interest, etc.. are desgravables.La amortization of the installation can be partitioned into several years.The individuals making an investment in Renewable Energy shall be entitled to deduct up to 10% in income tax and the Corporations Tax SociedadesNo need to register and pay the self-employed.